Virginia has several layers of business taxes. State taxes get most of the attention, but local taxes in places like Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield add up and have their own filing requirements.

State income tax depends on your business structure. C-corporations pay a flat 6% corporate income tax to Virginia. Pass-through entities like S-corps, LLCs, partnerships, and sole proprietorships don’t pay at the business level. The income flows to your personal return and you pay Virginia individual income tax, which ranges from 2% to 5.75% depending on your income.

Sales tax applies if you sell taxable goods or certain services. Virginia’s combined rate is usually 5.3% in the Richmond area. You collect it from customers and remit it to Virginia Tax monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on your volume. Restaurants, retailers, and auto shops deal with this constantly. Miss a filing or underpay and penalties stack up quickly.

Payroll taxes kick in when you have employees. You withhold Virginia income tax from their wages and remit it to the state. You also pay Virginia unemployment tax to the VEC. Rates vary based on your industry and claims history, but new employers typically start around 2.5%.

Local business taxes are where Virginia differs from many states. Most localities impose a BPOL tax, which stands for Business, Professional, and Occupational License. It’s based on your gross receipts, not profit. Rates vary by business type and locality. Richmond charges different rates for contractors than it does for retail or professional services. You file annually, usually in the spring, and the tax is due even if you didn’t make money.

Business tangible personal property tax is another local tax. Localities tax your business equipment, furniture, computers, and vehicles. You file a return each year listing what you own, and the county assesses a tax based on the value. This one surprises people who assume property tax only applies to real estate.

You’ll also pay an annual business license fee in most localities. This is separate from BPOL in some jurisdictions and combined in others. It’s usually a flat fee or small percentage, but you still need to renew it each year to stay legal.

Keeping track of all this requires organized books. Working with small business bookkeepers who understand Virginia’s local tax requirements helps ensure nothing gets missed. The state taxes are straightforward. The local taxes are where businesses run into trouble because every county and city has different rules, rates, and deadlines.